In this concept of self, he had come up with three sides of a triangle. The Id, Ego and Super Ego. Superego as the center for ethical imperative. The one that reminds the self of what is right of wrong following morality principle.
And the Ego as the moderator between these two which was driven by rationality principle. And then also, Freud has stated two important division of mind, the conscious and unconscious. Conscious are the thoughts that we are aware of.
And Unconscious as thoughts that we are not aware of. DanielCW, Although, Freud has argued that self has a multiple parts, he still believed that ultimately we are a Unified beings Atleast, when we are healthy. Ego remains at the helm of mind, guiding the Id and Superego and staying at the center. That it is up to the the self to define himself as warm or cold, dominant or submissive, sexy or plain.
According to Kenneth Gergen, proponent of Post modern Psychology, The individual has many potential selves. How we bring ourselves in every situation will held him get through for a day. Therefore, maybe it is healthy to have many mask. Multiple selfhood is part of what it means to be human, and forcing oneself to stick to one self-concept maybe unhealthy.
True Self, as rooted from early infancy is called the simple being. Example, as a baby we react base on our sense of reality. The baby reacted spontaneously based on our instinctual sense. Fake Self, is our defense facade. Overlaying or contradicting the original sense of self. Historical roots of contemporary issues involving the self-concept. In Bracken Ed. There is a clash of civilization that is plaguing the country right now and though this is not officially and consciously acknowledged, this war for dominance is victimizing all Filipinos in one form or another.
There is really no middle ground, and it is either one is rooting for the other side or opposing all contentions and wisdom from another side. This is the battle for the dominance, and prisoners are not taken and captured. This is literally, the war between the eastern self versus the western self. Western culture basically is about the focus on oneself and personal needs; Eastern culture is about focus on others and the feeling of others.
Western culture is predicated on putting egoism first while Eastern culture is about collectivism. Conceptually, there is a vast of difference between egoism and collectivism. While egoism is focused on oneself, collectivism is all about focus on others. While the Western culture is inclined in more acquisition of material things, the Eastern culture is tilted towards less assets thus the mantra less is more.
Western culture is obsessed with being successful, the eastern culture is more inclined towards long life; for the Eastern culture, long life is equated with wealth.
In the Eastern culture, wealth and poverty is the result of fortune and luck, for the Western culture, wealth and poverty is the result of enterprise and hard work. The Eastern culture values the wisdom of years and seniority, while the Western culture celebrates the youth and being young.
Philosophically, the Eastern culture subscribe to concept of reincarnation while Western culture subscribe to the idea of evolution. Taken as a whole, these basic and subtle differences between the Eastern culture and the Western culture are taking its toll on Filipinos on which culture to adopt. The dilemma is whether to follow and subscribe to the Western influences or subscribe to Eastern ideas.
In Pervin and John Eds. The western concept of self. In Marsella Ed. Tavistock Publications. Triandis, H. The self and social behavior in differing cultural contexts. Wei-Ming, T. Selfhood and Others in Confucian Thought. In Marsella ed. Culture and Self: Asian and western perspectives.
Tavistock Publication. Physical Self. Physical self refers to the body which we interface with our environment and fellow being. It is a tangible aspect of the person that can be directly observed and examined.
People now days are too conscious on how they look. How they see themselves in the mirror, how people will look at them and what will people say about them. Our concept of our self and the perception of people around us will always have big effect on how we deal in a situation, cultural or not. This discussion of Physical Self has found place on different Schools of Psychology, like psychoanalysis, behaviorism, humanism etc.
For example:. It is an element of spiritual hygiene of supreme significance. Later in life, the development of physical as well as intellectual skills help determine whether the individual will achieve a sense of competence and ability to choose demanding roles in a complex society.
For example a child get their confidence when they bigger, stronger, faster and more capable of learning complex skills. Skinner, says that the role of the body is of primary importance.
Which from this different orientation clearly show us and explains how people deals with their physical self.
Regardless of what culture or traditions he or she may be, his or her interpretation of himself will be how people act in the community. They modify and adorn their bodies as part of the part of complex process of creating and re-creating their personal and social identity to be accepted by society and to be able to accept them self. This includes body painting, tattooing, jewelries and adornments. Youth in present time are too conscious of their physical attributes that they are not confident to face the day without make- up.
As our physical self, dictates how we act in front of other people it also defines how we will manage our self-esteem. Yet, this self-esteem is vital on how we form positive and healthy relationships with people around us. We have different kinds of self-esteem; The Inflated Self- Esteem this people holds high regards of themselves. Better than the other to the point of under estimating them , High Self-Esteem this is a positive self-esteem, which make the person be satisfied of themselves and Low Self-Esteem this person do not value themselves and do not trust their possibilities.
Most of the times, this self-esteem are define by what physical attributes they have. Beauty as define by the society, culture or traditions, is what matter to the person. Beautiful bodies.
Body studies: An introduction pp — As we come to understand the beauty of physical self, it is also proper to learn to understand the sexual self. As psychoanalytical theory states that physical body is the core of human experience as form of construction of self and personality. Freud maintained that nature of the conflicts among id, ego and superego changes overtime as a person grows from child to adult.
There are psychosexual stages that focus: oral, anal, phallic and genital. Thus, these stages are directly related to different physical center of pleasure. To fully appreciate sexual self, it is necessary to understand human reproductive system, erogenous zone,and human sexual behavior.
Human Sexual behavior is complex and complicated, thus, it is not at all different from other species Feldman, To illustrate; men sexual behavior can occur at any time, by being arouse to certain stimuli.
At puberty, the testes begin to secrete androgens male sex hormones which produce secondary sex characteristics like growth of bodily hair and change in tone of voice. Female sexual behavior starts at puberty where the two ovaries begin to produce estrogens and progesterone female sex hormones. This stage of puberty for female occurs in cyclical manner where also brought changes.
While for nonhuman, period of ovulation is only when the ovulation occurs to the female specie is receptive to sex. Human reproductive system is an organ system by which reproduces and bear live offspring. It requires the union between the male and female reproductive system to which carries out to produce another life form.
Provided that all organs are present, human reproductive system works from the released of egg cell from female reproductive organ, to the fertilization of sperm cells, to the conception, up to the giving birth of the baby and eventually to the return of the female physical body to the original state. Harrison, Male Reproductive System. Testis — is the most important part of male reproductive organ. It is the source of Spermatozoa male germ cell b. Scrotum — it is a sac of skin where the two testes are enveloped; directly below and outside of the abdomen.
Prostate glands — it is a gland that carries out both urine and seminal fluid. It is connected by sperm ducts from sperm ducts joining into single tube called urethra.
Urethra then leads to the outside of the body through penis. Penis — it is where the ejaculation occurs by sending sperm cell from testis and secrete out. Sperm — It is a male gametes, one that is necessary for the egg to develop and become a baby. Ovary — It is a pair of small, oval organs which produces ova ovum; female germ cells.
Thousands of ova will mature and will be taken up to the fallopian tube through the uterus by the time of puberty. Fallopian Tube — are pair of thin tubes that leads from ovaries to the uterus. Uterus — womb it is a hollow pear-shaped elastic muscular structure where fertilized ovum zygote develops into a baby. Vagina — It is a tube leading to outside of the body through an opening called the vulva. During the sexual intercourse, the semen from male is discharged in the vagina.
The sperms will begin moving up to the uterus reaching the fallopian tube. During the travel most of the sperms will die while climbing up the fallopian tube, only one sperm will enter the ovum and can remain alive for only 12 hours. In this time, if it meets ovum which will lead to fertilization. This zygote fertilized egg will form in an embryo from which will enter gestation period.
It is around 9 months in time for the woman to give birth. These are part of the body that particularly sensitive to touch, pressure and vibration which contributes to sexual arousal. For one, these could bring sexual satisfaction, also, improves sexual health and stimulating different spots may produce different reaction to the body.
Although, erogenous zone brings us to sexual arousal which is unique to each individual, people shares. The arousal phase is a subjective sense of sexual pleasure. The physiological sign in males is penile tumescence erection and vasocongestion to female leads to vaginal lubrication and nipple erection.
The orgasm phase is an intense, highly pleasurable experience. When this phase is reached, rhythmic muscular contractions occur in the genitals. In male, the contractions expel semen, a fluid containing sperm, a process called ejaculation.
For women and men, breathing and heart rates reach maximum. Last stage of sexual arousal, the resolution stage where the decrease of arousal particularly in male happens. Genitals resume their unaroused state and shape; blood pressure, breathing and heart rate return to normal.
Sexual behavior transcends in different forms. It may be influenced by not only the basic physiological aspect of sexuality but also by different expectations, attitudes, beliefs and state of medical and biological knowledge. It made sexual behavior take a more diverse forms such as heterosexuality, homosexuality, bisexuality and transexuality. Is a sexual attraction and behavior directed to other sex.
More than male-female intercourse, it involves kissing, petting, caressing, massaging and other form of sexual activities. Bisexuals are person who can be romantically or sexually attracted to same sex and the other sex. Some male homosexuals prefer the term Gay and some female homosexual prefer the term Lesbian. Gays and Lesbian as preference for a terminology refer not only to their sexual preference but also as Gender preference.
These by which refer to a broader array of attitudes and lifestyle of the individual than the sexuality itself. These are people who believed they were born with the body of the other gender.
Transsexuals sometimes seek sex exchange operations, which undergo several steps such as intensive sexual counseling, hormone injections, living as member of desired sex for several years, surgery. These are people who view themselves as a third gender, they are transvestites who wears clothes of the other gender or those who believed that traditional male-female classifications inadequately characterized them.
Natural and Artificial Method of Contraception. There are two kinds of contraception; the Natural Contraception and the Artificial Contraception. Through there different methods one may predict when it is safe or when a woman will more likely to get pregnant. These may be in a form of abstinence, calendar method, basal body temperature method, cervical mucus method, symtothermal method, ovulation detection, lactation amenorrhea method and coitus interruptus.
Artificial Method is diverse method of contraception using to prevent conception of a woman. There are different types of artificial contraception but not all types are appropriate for all situation. These are oral contraception, transdermal patch, vaginal ring, subdermal implants, hormonal injection, Intrauterine device IUD , chemical barriers, diaphragm, cervical cap, male and female condoms, surgical methods vasectomy and tubal ligation.
It is also the most effective way to avoid STIs. Calendar Method Also called as the Rhythm Method. It involves avoiding coitus during the days that the woman is fertile. This period the woman must abstain from mating for the next three days. Cervical Mucus Method Here the basis is the changes in the cervical mucus during the ovulation.
During this time she must avoid coitus during this days. Lactation Amenorrhea This is exclusive for breastfeeding woman. Thus, it Method should be noted that the woman is advise to choose other method after period of three months or if the mother is not exclusively breastfeeding or is using formula drink for the baby. This is where the couple proceeds with coitus but the moment he ejaculates, the men withdraw before emit spermatozoa outside of the vagina.
Contains synthetic estrogen and progesterone. It is recommended to take the pill on the first Sunday after the beginning of the menstrual flow. Transdermal patch It is a patch applied in the following areas; upper outer arm, upper torso, abdomen or buttocks for three weeks. It remains in there for 3 weeks.
It was removed on the fourth week as menstrual period flows. The woman becomes fertile as soon as the ring is removed. Subdermal Implants It is a two rod-like implants under the skin of the woman during her menstruation or on the 7th day of her menstruation to make sure that she will not get pregnant.
It contains etonogestrel, desogestrel and progestin. And one of the most popular choice for birth control. Chemical Barriers These are used to cause death of the sperm before it can enter the cervix of the woman. These are spermicides, vaginal gels and creams, and glycerin films.
Diaphragm Inhibits the entrance of into the vagina. It should not be left in place for more than 24hours to avoid irritation.
Condoms Male Condomis a synthetic rubber sheath that is placed in the erect penis before penetration to avoid the sperm to enter the vagina during the ejaculation. Female Condom is also a synthetic rubber placed against the vaginal opening to prevent the sperm to enter the vaginal during the ejaculation.
Surgical Methods Vasectomy is a procedure done to male through small incision made on each side of the scrotum to block the passage of sperms. Tubal Ligation is a procedure done to female through cutting, cauterizing, or blocking the fallopian tube to inhibit the passage of both sperm and the ova. Feldman, R. Diversity of sexual behavior. In Bettino Ed. McGraw Hall. Together we kick off the next stage in your brand journey. Toniq has been serving the greatest brands in the world since , helping them align their vision and communications to send their success and sales soaring.
Cheryl founded Toniq to bring the power of cultural anthropology to brand strategy. Her unique synthesis of global trends, audience insights, and product differentiators accelerates brand effectiveness, and speaks directly to the hearts and desires of consumers. His background in dramatic writing, music, theatre, and graphic design help translate strategy into creative guideposts agencies use to bring a brand to life.
How Can We Help? Masterclass Overview. Consumer Desires. Schedule A call. They are like the foundation of our preparation, stronger the foundation better is the rest of the structure. Because we faced numerous difficulties in arranging the relevant books for our preparation. Questions may utilize the case study approach to determine these aspects.
The following broad areas will be covered:. Also the performance of these schemes;. Irrigation : Different types of the irrigation system, irrigation systems storage. Food Security : Issues related to direct and indirect farm subsidies and minimum support prices;.
Technology missions : economics of animal-rearing, e-technology in the aid of farmers. LPG : Effects of liberalisation on the Indian economy, changes in industrial policy and their effects on industrial growth. Ethics and Human Interface : Essence, determinants and consequences of Ethics in human actions; Dimensions of ethics; ethics in private and public relationships. Role of family, society and educational institutions in inculcating values.
Accountability and ethical governance: strengthening of ethical and moral values in governance; ethical issues in international relations and funding; corporate governance. Probity in Governance : Concept of public service; Philosophical basis of governance and probity; Information sharing and transparency in government, Right to Information. Download: gs4-mains-syllabus-upsc.
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